Abstract
This chapter is focused on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of selected commonly used volatile solvents and gases to which inhalation is a primary route of exposure in humans. Limited data are available regarding the human reproductive and developmental toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, styrene, gasoline, and kerosene and jet fuels. Indirect or direct exposure to tetrachloroethylene has been associated with risks of pregnancy outcomes in women and reproductive dysfunctions in men. Toluene and benzene have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in experimental animals. Formaldehyde, a toxic gas, has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in occupationally exposed women as well as developmental defects in some epidemiological studies. As most of the human studies involve exposure to mixtures of solvents or gases, it is important to gather information on exposure to a single agent and better understand the composition of the mixtures to evaluate the potential for reproductive and developmental toxicity risks to a particular chemical. In general, very limited data exist to characterize reproductive and developmental toxicity risks following exposure to solvents.
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