Abstract
An integrated system of therapeutics and diagnostics emerged as theranostics. The application of light (photo) in theranostics leads to high precision and customization in treatment. Photo-triggered theranostics (PTT) thus enables the highly specific targeting based on real-time imaging, sparing healthy tissues specifically in cancer therapy. This dual modality system further overcomes the pharmacokinetic limitations when structured through nanotechnology. After successful clinical establishment of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the PTT is rapidly paving a path through clinical trials. These theranostic nanoforms, triggered by light, have progressed successfully through various in vivo and in vitro models into clinical practice. Evolution in nanomaterials and their preparation methods are consistently sharpening the theranostic approach, adding to their suitability for plethora of real-time imaging and therapeutic modalities. Simultaneous development in the light delivery system is deepening the anatomical access. Altogether enabling the early-stage diagnosis of cancer pathology and tailoring its treatment. Furthermore, a noninvasive mode of assessment enhances the patient’s compliance and safety. Research is constantly advancing to develop more versatile photo-sensitive nanoparticles. Significant minimization of toxicity is highly achievable through PTT. This chapter is intended to highlight the existing and emerging technological research in the domain of nanotheranostics and its photo-triggering; thus, sketching out the possibilities for further advancements and integration of nanoconstructs, photo-delivery, and targeting approach in PTT for better and safer clinical outcome in cancer therapy.
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