Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the only cardiovascular disorder that is increasing in prevalence. This is mostly due to improved survival from other cardiac conditions such as hypertension and myocardial infarction. In addition to the medications, diet modification and exercise are also important in controlling the high morbidity and mortality associated with CHF. Moreover, sodium restriction to approximately is the most important dietary modification, and this alone can frequently keep patients euvolemic and diminish the need for diuretics. Excess sodium intake is often the underlying cause for decompensation in a previously stable state. Fluid restriction to 2 L/day is also advisable to decrease fluid retention and assist in net diuresis. This may need to be reduced even further in times of decompensation. Patients with heart failure are also advised to follow the standard guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular disease regarding fat, carbohydrate, and cholesterol intakes. Because patients with CHF are prone to constipation, adequate fiber intake is encouraged. A number of alternative therapies, such as coenzyme Q10 and taurine, are touted as beneficial in heart failure.
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