Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the body to infection or injury. Acute inflammation following tissue injury is driven by several mediators that are tightly controlled spatiotemporally. Macrophages are crucial to host defense and to functioning in innate and cell-mediated immunity, and successful repair after tissue injury requires timely resolution of the inflammatory response. Given that microRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental to the posttranscriptional control of gene expression, the role of specific miRNAs in immune and inflammatory response is not surprising. The best-characterized miRNAs in inflammation are miR-146, miR-21, and miR-155, all of which have been shown to be strongly induced in multiple cell types by proinflammatory stimuli following tissue injury. This chapter discusses the role of miRNAs in immune and inflammatory response and their use, along with synthetic anti-miRs, as therapeutic tools.
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