Abstract
Within this chapter, we explore the Atlantic Coast Rivers of Canada through examples from four rivers and two river complexes (each composed of three smaller rivers) distributed across the four Atlantic provinces (New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador) and the Gaspé Peninsula. The rivers represent the diverse regional landscapes reflecting the strong influence of the regional maritime, subboreal and boreal climates, significant geological variation, and key ecosystem transitions. With a strong maritime connection, the region has an extensive Indigenous history that shifted dramatically with the arrival of Europeans and the subsequent social and environmental impacts of colonization followed by a push for economic development. The regional economy has traditionally focused on its rich natural resources including fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining industries in addition to some large hydropower developments, and these influences are reflected in the basins within the Atlantic Coast region of Canada.
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