Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of phytohormones essential for plant growth and development. BRs play an important role in the regulation of broad range of biological activities throughout the entire life cycle of the plant. These hormones are widely known to regulate cell division, cell elongation, and cellular differentiation in plants. A significant feature of BRs is their ability to increase plants’ resistance to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, such as drought, high salt, low and high temperatures, and pathogen attack. The genomic studies in Arabidopsis have elucidated BR1, a cell surface receptor, and BES1/BZR1, a transcription factors family, as major signaling components in BR signaling pathway. BR stimulates the expression of BES1/BZR1 transcription factors that in turn activate thousands of BR-targeted genes. Further studies on BR gene-regulating properties have elucidated the crosstalk between BRs and other endogenous plant hormones. Exogenous application of BRs regulates the signal transduction pathways and increases the biosynthesis of hormones like auxins, gibberellins, jasmonic acid, BR, and isopentenyl adenosine in order to confer negative stress tolerance. We will be discussing the advancements in understanding the BR signaling and their role in response to the stress tolerance mechanism in plants.
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