Chapter 20 - Risk of oxidative stress at high altitude and possible benefit of antioxidant supplementation

Abstract

This chapter discusses various concerns associated with high altitude—namely, decreased availability of oxygen-influencing metabolism, mental as well as physical performance, increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high temperature differences, sometimes increased psychological stress, dehydration, and malnutrition. Oxidative stress impairs physical performance and blood flow. Both are of particular importance to people at high altitudes. A nutritional survey showed that nutrient intake, especially of antioxidants, may not always meet with the increased demand at high altitudes. The chapter discusses different problems faced during physical exercises at a high altitude. Supplementation with antioxidants is advisable at high altitudes because food supply is limited during a prolonged stay there. Aerobic energy supply is necessary for all higher life forms. An inadequate oxygen supply leads from unnoticed metabolic impairments to a direct life threat. High temperature differences are typical at high altitudes. This includes not only considerable temperature differences between day and night but also the presence of sunshine or wind. Vitamin E might have an accelerating effect on endurance because of its ability to increase activity of respiratory enzymes in mitochondria of muscle cells and thereby improving the utilization of oxygen in muscle during activity, especially at a high altitude.