Abstract
The original purpose of the industrial zones or parks was to confine manufacturing to certain physical places in the overall community. This freed the area from transgressing traditional residential needs. Ehrenfeld and Gertler reported on a naturally evolving industrial ecosystem in Kalundborg, Denmark. The ecosystem slowly evolved over a 25-year period and contains 11 physical linkages. They reported that four main industries comprise the “heart” of the ecosystem: the coal-fired Asnaes Power Station, Statoil oil refinery, NovoNordisk Pharmaceutical and enzyme manufacturer, and Gropoc Plasterboard Manufacturer. This slowly evolving industrial ecosystem is described as an attempt to make “economic use of their byproducts and to minimize the cost of compliance with new ever-stricter environmental regulations.” Also, it remains inferred or at least implied that this system will ultimately result in lower industrial production costs.
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