Chapter 20 - Biology and Health of Tree Kangaroos in Zoos

Abstract

Over 30years of managing tree kangaroo health has been well documented in managed facilities for Matschie's (Dendrolagus matschiei), Goodfellow's (D. goodfellowi) and Lumholtz's (D. lumholtzi) tree kangaroos. Protocols for exams, diagnosis, treatment, and animal transfers have been written to facilitate good practices and procedures regarding tree kangaroo health and reproduction. Nutrition also plays a direct role in the improved health and potential reproductive success of tree kangaroo species. Obesity is a common concern with animals in captivity. Providing the appropriate nutrition for managed tree kangaroos is a complex process and is continually being evaluated. The analysis of plant samples of wild Matschie's tree kangaroo diets will be instrumental in the reformulation of captive diets. Tree kangaroos have a primitive immune system and are susceptible to diseases such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Extensive research has been conducted on this specific disease and its implications on long-term health and viability of tree kangaroos. Diagnosis and treatment of MAC should continue to be monitored and researched. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteria cause opportunistic infections in mammals, indicating functional problems with the host's immune system. MAC infections have been documented in North America zoo collections of tree kangaroos indicating an immune dysfunction in these animals. In light of this evidence, a series of studies was undertaken to determine the status of the tree kangaroo immune system and why MAC is a serious problem in captive animals.