Abstract
Water pollution is one of the greatest threats to human and animal life on earth. There are multiple causes of water pollution: mining activities, pesticides industrial wastes, chemical fertilizers, urban development, sewage, energy use, radioactive waste, etc. About 80% of these wastewaters are discharged directly into natural water resources, thus this action is not only depleting the source of clean and fresh water but also causing serious problems to the environment and human and aquatic life. To protect aquatic resources, these wastewaters must be treated. The treatment process can be classified as the pretreatment or primary treatment; secondary treatment and tertiary treatment and different techniques and methods such as precipitation, solvent extraction, carbon adsorption, membrane filtration, biodegradation, flotation, oxidation, evaporation, ion exchange, phytoremediation, and electrochemistry are used for the efficient removal of contaminants from the water. This chapter discusses the pollutants and wastewater treatment process.
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