Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to some of the fundamentals of video coding. Video has traditionally been captured, stored, and transmitted in analog form. The term “analog video signal” refers to a one-dimensional electrical signal of time that is obtained by sampling the video-intensity pattern in the vertical and temporal coordinates and converting intensity to electrical representation. This sampling process is known as “scanning.” Raster scanning begins at the top-left corner and progresses horizontally, with a slight slope vertically, across the image. Exchange of digital video between different industries, applications, networks, and hardware platforms requires standard digital video formats. Some of the commonly used digital video formats are CCIR-601, source input format (SIF) and quarter SIF (QSIF), and common intermediate format (CIF) and its family. The aim of video coding is to reduce, or compress, the number of bits used to represent video. Video signals contain three types of redundancies: statistical, psychovisual, and coding redundancy. The chapter discusses some elements of video coding such as quantization, symbol encoding, intraframe coding, and interframe coding.
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