Abstract
The chapter analyzes single-molecule sensitivity in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS available under ambient conditions even at the solid/liquid interfaces attracts increasing interest according to the potentialities of single-molecule sensitivity (SMS ) and also a nanoscale spatial resolution when combined with near-field microscopy. There are various supporting evidences such as complete intermittent features of a blinking signal or Poisson distribution observed in mixed dye experiments adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles. Vibrational pumping as well as heating by localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance is ensured by a detailed analysis of the temperature dependences of Stokes/anti- Stokes intensity. Various advanced fabrication methods, such as NSL or electron beam lithography have been progressed to utilize the LSP most efficiently and to apply SERS active substrate to biomedical or environmental science. To fabricate metal nanostructures with SMS in SERS, much more precise control of morphology, sizes, or spacing is necessary as well as to characterize them on a nanometer scale.
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