Abstract
This chapter presents the state of art of conventional and nonconventional heat engines. It deals with the basic principles of the main thermodynamic cycles, showing plant layouts, thermodynamic analyses, and design guidelines. In particular, these engines can convert heat—mainly obtained by the thermal energy produced by the combustion of any fuel or by waste heat recovery—into mechanical energy. The chapter analyzes both air and steam cycles. The Rankine cycle is analyzed in detail, presenting the main configurations: basic, superheated, resuperheated, and regenerated. Similarly, a detailed analysis is also provided for the Bryton cycle, investigating the following arrangements: open and closed cycles, regeneration and interrefrigeration, and postcombustion. Finally, combined cycles are also presented. This technology exhibits the highest energy efficiency and is based on the combination of Rankine and Bryton cycles. For all the analyzed cycles, the chapter presents guidelines for maximizing their energy efficiency. In addition, an overview of some of the most advanced cycles (organic Rankine cycle, ORCs, Stirling engine, Kalina cycle, etc.) is also presented. A comparison among the analyzed heat engines is also included.
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