Chapter 2 - The Psychology of Human-Computer Mismatches

Abstract

This chapter proposes a framework for the assessment of learning outcomes associated with technology. It discusses the kind of expertise that is required for such assessment, the nature of current instructional technologies, and potential mismatches between technologies and human learning. These mismatches occur with respect to four classes of characteristics of human learners: natural learning and memory processes; perception; individual differences in learning styles and other cognitive factors; and individual differences in social and personality factors. The human–machine mismatches occur in each of these domains. The chapter determines the instructional outcomes produced by learning technologies. Educational uses of technology suggest several conclusions that should inform a research agenda. Four options predominate university courses: Web-based instruction, video-delivered distance learning, electronic interactive-learning environments, and simulated environments. Technology-infused instruction poses some fundamental dilemmas for learners that are rooted in mismatches between the capabilities of humans and those of machines.