Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of protoberberine alkaloids. The protoberberine alkaloids are widely distributed, occurring in at least eight botanical families. They occur most frequently in the various genera of the Papaveraceae but are also well represented in the Berberaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rutaceae, and Annonaceae families. Introduction of an alkyl group at the C-13 position of the protoberberine ring system is readily accomplished by direct alkylation of either the 8-acetonyl base or the dihydro derivative of the appropriate alkaloid. Reduction of the resulting salt, usually without isolation, affords the corresponding epimeric 13-methyltetrahydro bases. The alkaloids berlambine and lambertine, isolated from B. lambertii are oxyberberine and dihydroberberine, respectively. The presence of oxyberberine has been noted to occur in other Berberis species, whereas dihydroberberine is so far unique to B. lambertii . In this chapter, alkaloids related to corydaline are described. Stereochemistry of corydaline and related alkaloids is discussed. Biosynthesis of Berberine and related alkaloids is also discussed.
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