Abstract
This chapter provides an overview on the population, vegetation, forests, topography and mineral resources of Nigeria, and the health hazards faced by it. Nigeria is a block of West Africa bordered on three sides by former French-governed countries and on the south by the Gulf of Guinea, which lies about five degrees north of the equator. After the First World War, a portion of the former German Cameroons was declared a mandated territory and the Great Britain administered it as an integral part of Nigeria. After the Second World War, the Cameroons was declared a United Nations trust territory, and as such continued to be administered by the Great Britain. When Nigeria became independent, the Northern Cameroons territory agreed to integrate with Nigeria, the people of Southern Cameroons chose to join with the people of the former French-administered Cameroons to form a separate independent country. In size, Nigeria is nearly four times the area of the United Kingdom, about equal in area to Pakistan and roughly equal to the combined area of Texas and Colorado. Nigeria is the most populous country of the African continent and the largest unit of people of African origin in the world.
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