Abstract
This chapter discusses the potential of stem cells as a cell source in tissue engineering applications. Included are sections on characteristics of stem cells (SCs) from tissues including hematopoietic (HSC), mesenchymal (MSC), skin (SkSC), intestine (Lgr5+, Bmi+), and neural (NSC) tissues, natural pluripotent embryonic germ and embryonic stem cells (EGCs and ESCs), as well as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Sections on the many methods for characterizing and evaluating stem cell gene, RNA, and protein expression are presented. Understanding the signals which promote proliferation of stem cells and their subsequent differentiation to functional cell types is a rapidly advancing field that stretches across many disciplines-cell biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, bioengineering, material science, and many medical specialties of cell (hematology/oncology), tissue (pulmonology, cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, dermatology, etc.) and organ systems (internal medicine, gerontology, etc.).
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