Abstract

This chapter presents some abstract concepts and definitions. A fundamental concept is that of a function as a thing in it. The usefulness of quasi-geometric approach, which is that of functional analysis, lies mainly in establishing general theorems from which many diverse results may be deduced as special cases. If F is a set of functions defined over a domain X, the set F is a linear vector space, or simply a vector space, over the field of real numbers if it is closed under addition and multiplication. The set of all functions on X is a vector space, but in practice one normally considers some closed subspace of this. An important example of a seminorm is the modulus of continuity. When a function is not known to be differentiable, the modulus of continuity gives a convenient measure of its smoothness.

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