Chapter 2 - Recent advancements and challenges of nanomaterials application in biofuel production

Abstract

Biofuels are alternative sources of renewable energy due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature in comparison to fossil fuels. In the recent techno-scientific revolution, the utilization of nanomaterials has gained popularity at a rapid pace in the sector of biofuel and bioenergy applications in order to improve the performances of various bioprocesses. Different types of nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanosheets possess a number of direct and indirect applications (as nanocatalyst) in the process of the production of different types of biofuel. This chapter critically deals with various studies that have explored nanomaterials in biofuel production, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, and biogas production. Furthermore, it elucidates the preparation and types of nanomaterials that have been employed in these bioprocesses. In addition, it also evaluates the various process parameters that affect biofuel production using nanomaterials as catalysts. A short section is included to discuss the fabrication of engineered nanomaterials for biofuel production. Finally, the chapter concludes with a health and environmental safety assessment and possible further research aspects of nanomaterials for efficient biofuel production.