Abstract
This chapter shows the special features of C language when programming microcontrollers. It uses the industry standard C51 optimizing C compiler. C51 is available on both MS-DOS and Windows-based operating systems, and the compiler implements the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for the C language. Other high-level language compilers available for microcontrollers include PASCAL and BASIC. These compilers can be used for learning the features of a specific product, and in some cases small projects can be developed with such compilers. The C51 compiler has been developed for the 8051 family of microcontrollers. This is one of the most commonly used industry standard C compilers for the 8051 family and can generate machine code for most of the 20-pin and 40-pin 8051 devices and its derivatives, including microcontrollers, such as Intel, Atmel 89C51, 89C52, 89C55, 89S8252, 89S53, Atmel 89C1051, and 89C2051. 8051 architecture supports both program and data memory areas. Program memory is read-only and it cannot be written to. Different amounts of internal program memory are available depending on the type of processor used like 8051, which provides 4 Kbytes of internal program memory.
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