Abstract
This chapter discusses the rationale for the deployment of National Health Information Systems (NHIS) and Health Observatories (HOs) as evidence-based resources for decision-making and action in the areas of policy development; program planning and operation; health surveillance; outcomes monitoring and evaluation; and research. The role of historical, surveillance, and monitoring data is examined. Processes involved in the generation of information, knowledge, and intelligence needed for health system management and clinical practice are detailed together with the functional and operational components of NHIS and HOs. This chapter explores procedural issues related to data sources, domains, and management together with a typical systems architecture including organizational, analytical, communication, and technological methods and tools. At the end of this chapter, a review with recommendations summarizes the experience and challenges encountered in the design, implementation, and operation of NHIS and HOs.
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