Abstract
This chapter explains 2D and 3D conventional as well as nonconventional marine seismic data acquisition methodology and components of the acquisition in detail. It includes a comprehensive discussion of the principles of air gun seismic sources as well as array forming and tuning, and near-/far-field signatures. This chapter presents the definitions of the components, description of the devices, acquisition layouts, navigation offsets, acoustic networking and streamer steering in 3D surveys. Different nonconventional acquisition approaches such as ocean bottom cable (OBC), ocean bottom seismometer (OBS), ocean bottom nodes (OBNs), time-lapse (4D) seismic, transition zone and P-cable acquisitions are provided. It includes detailed discussions of different data acquisition parameters for 2D and 3D surveys used for seismic survey design. A comprehensive explanation of quality control (QC) implementations, preacquisition instrument tests and QC reporting at different levels of data acquisition is also included.
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