Abstract
Distribution, hosts, brief notes on ecology, and sanitary importance along with taxonomical notes and morphological diagnosis for adults and nymphs are provided for the 46 species of Ixodidae (25 Amblyomma, 1 Dermacentor, 2 Haemaphysalis, 16 Ixodes, and 2 species of Rhipicephalus) established in the Southern Cone of America. Condensed phylogenetic trees are included to show the relationship among species from the same genera using available information from the Gen Bank. Two species (Amblyomma scutatum and A. varium) are no longer considered to be present in this region of the world. Several species of Amblyomma are of medical relevance while the species of Rhipicephalus are of great veterinary importance affecting dogs (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato), all over the region, and cattle (R. microplus) in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay but not in Chile. Dermacentor nitens is an important parasite of horses. The species of Ixodes are of phylogenetic interest and deserve additional studies to understand life history of Ixodidae.
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