Abstract
Homogeneous catalysis using soluble metal complexes or metal salts as catalysts are known for the synthesis of chemical products with different functional groups with high activity and selectivity at milder reaction conditions. Some notable examples are carbonylation, hydroformylation, liquid phase hydrocarbon oxidation, C-C coupling reactions (Heck and Suzuki), oligomerization, and metathesis and polymerization reactions. Advances in coordination chemistry have facilitated the fundamental understanding of the mechanism of these reactions on a molecular level. Homogeneous catalysts are unique due to their distinguishing features of high activity and selectivity as evidenced by the major discoveries in asymmetric catalysis for chiral molecules and emerging applications in carbonylation, hydroformylation, and epoxidation reactions for commodity as well as specialty products. This chapter presents recent advances in fundamentals of homogeneous catalysis in which elementary reactions, catalytic cycle, deactivation, and kinetics and mechanism are discussed with examples.
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