Abstract
Voltage-driven translocation through nanopores of charged molecules is described in this chapter. Based on description, brief introduction of charged surfaces and utilizing the Poisson–Boltzmann formalism, the concepts of electrostatic screening in ionic solutions are introduced. This formalism shows the relevant physical processes of driven DNA translocation DNA and is developed focusing on the interplay between electroosmosis, electrophoresis, and hydrodynamic interactions. After analyzing the entrance of DNA into a nanopore, force measurements are introduced that are able to clarify the mechanisms governing the translocation process. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of forces in more complex geometries and briefly introduces numerical approaches needed to model real systems.
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