Abstract
Metal-air batteries use the dissolution and deposition of a metal in a negative electrode reaction and the reduction and generation of oxygen in a positive electrode reaction. Various kinds of metals, such as zinc, iron, magnesium, aluminum, lithium, and sodium, have been considered for use as negative electrode metals. While zinc, iron, magnesium, and aluminum can be used in aqueous solutions as an electrolyte, lithium and sodium should be used in nonaqueous media as the electrolyte, such as those with organic solvents or ionic liquid, because of the limitation of the potential window. The metal negative electrodes, positive electrodes, and electrolytes used in metal-air batteries are outlined below. The description on other components such as separators, oxygen selective membranes, and subsystems can be found in the relevant chapters because their kinds and styles greatly depend on the battery systems utilizing these components.
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