Abstract
The blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers protect the brain from potentially deleterious compounds, while providing the nutrients and hormones necessary for brain function, and regulating inorganic ion homeostasis necessary for neuronal activity and brain fluid secretion. This review describes the functional specificities of both barriers and the fluid flow pathways within the brain. An overview of transport processes for both organic compounds and inorganic ions is provided. Their contribution to the neuroprotective functions of the brain barriers and to the mechanism of CSF secretion is explained. The unsolved issues related to the functions of the barriers and to the dynamic of fluid movements between the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the interstitial fluid are highlighted.
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