Chapter 19 - Surface-Based Analyses of the Human Cerebral Cortex

Abstract

This chapter reviews many technical as well as conceptual issues involved in the surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex. The degree of accuracy associated with different surface representations is an issue of particular importance. For some applications, it is sufficient to see results portrayed on a cortical surface that is topologically accurate (that is, has no holes or tangles), even if it contains substantial geometric inaccuracies or distortion. For other purposes such as morphometric analyses, it is desirable to know the precise extent of the cortical surface (plus its thickness) associated with specific regions that have been delimited geographically or functionally. The visualization and analysis methods discussed and illustrated in this chapter involve a variety of software packages. Some of this software has only recently been made available, and some of it is still under active development. The goal of surface reconstruction is to obtain an accurate representation of the desired cortical layer by a process that is reliable, efficient, and entails minimal user interaction. It is important not only to continue improving the accuracy of surface reconstructions but also to refine the methods for assessing uncertainties and regional biases in surface area measurements.