Abstract
This chapter reviews the application of alkali to the deconstruction and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass. It is divided into four parts: the first one gives background information on lignocellulosic biomass and alkalis; the second part focuses on the deconstruction effects of lignocellulosic biomass in alkaline systems; the third one emphasizes the synergetic benefits brought about by the combination of alkali and other pretreatments; and the fourth part deals with practical considerations and prospects regarding the design of alkali-based biorefinery processes. Ultimately, this chapter is intended to introduce the state of art in biomass fractionation with an emphasis on the importance of the alkaline pretreatment in improving the integrated biorefinery.
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