Abstract
This chapter reviews the basics of steam explosion (SE) as a lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and the different technological developments that have been made in the last years. First, fundamentals of process technology are reviewed, and the noncatalyzed pretreatment strategy is discussed. Second, process variables affecting SE pretreatment such as particle size, temperature, moisture, and residence time are examined, focusing on the effects of such variables on pretreatment effectiveness and sugar recovery. Finally, the chapter deals with a description of the main options for SE pretreatment, which include a two-step process configuration and the use of chemicals/additives, ie, acid, ammonia, or oxidizing agents, in the pretreatment.
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