Chapter 19 - Nanovesicles for the delivery of antibiotics

Abstract

The common methods employed for the delivery of different drugs in humans are frequently associated with the systemic hostile effects, thus leading to inefficient non-targeted drug delivery. To address the drug supply situation, research groups are investigating novel significant and target-specific drug delivery approaches. Various nanomaterials present interesting benefits and new potential for smart DDSs because of their distinct nanoscale characteristics and specialized bio-functions, therefore, leading to the outstanding outcome. Smart nanocarriers are appealing even though they are developed to bypass physiological obstacles in multiple drug delivery systems and to perform a variety of tasks, including biosensors, immobilization, and biomedical scaffolds, targeted or individualized therapies, and diagnosis. Targeting actively includes the use of compounds such as antibodies and peptides in combination with medication delivery systems to attach them on target receptor structures. These nanocarriers may be extracellular, self-assembled, cell-derived, lipid-based, and secreted by the body cells or tissues. Liposomes, niosomes, and ethosomes are lipid-based nanovesicles that have previously been identified as interesting candidates for medication delivery and theranostic applications. The majority of them have been successfully transitioned from the bench to the marketplace. The classical antibiotics' antibacterial action is rather basic, partially because it has resulted in bacterial resistance. Nanoparticles (NPs) battle microorganisms by numerous simultaneously active processes, as opposed to standard antibiotics. The benefits of these simultaneous processes are obvious: a bacterium will probably not have several altered genes so that resistance to NPs is harder to acquire.