Chapter 19. Antibacterial treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract INFECTIONS

Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the antibacterial treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs). CARTIs represent one of the most globally prevalent classes of infection. Acute RTls account for approximately 75% of all antibiotic prescriptions and 20% of all medical consultations. Community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (CAURTI) and viral RTIs are typically not life-threatening unless complicated by a coinfection or an immunocompromised host. CAURTIs respond well to front-line antibiotics such as penicillins, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, or cefpodoxime. Viral RTIs are usually self-limiting and only require symptomatic support. Of greater concern are lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). These LRTIs account for nearly half of all reported community-acquired infections, can be challenging to treat, place a considerable burden on the health care system, and exhibit significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The chapter discusses the epidemiology and treatment of CARTIs and discusses the treatment guidelines, diagnoses, and pathogens associated with CARTIs. It also discusses the antibiotics that are used in the treatment of CARTIs.