Abstract
Water and energy are inextricably interconnected. Water is needed in various energy sectors (e.g., oil and gas upstream production and downstream processing, steam turbines in power plants, irrigation of biomass to be converted to biofuels). Energy is needed in water operations (e.g., desalination for residential and industrial applications, treatment of residential and industrial wastewater, pumping and distribution of water). This connection is referred to as the water–energy nexus. It is essential to adopt an integrated approach to understand this interrelationship and to devise effective strategies for enhancing the sustainability of these two critical resources. With the increasing world population, growing economies, and declining freshwater resources, it is imperative to identify and deploy cost-effective and energy efficient technologies to transform saline water and wastewater into fresh water. Thermal desalination is commonly used to provide drinking water and process water. It is also used to treat domestic and industrial wastewater. This chapter focuses on the important class of water–energy nexus in thermal desalination systems. The topic is covered through four thrust areas:
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