Abstract
Epigenetics plays a role in many disorders that are present in the pediatric populations (e.g., in early human development, including embryologic and fetal life, infancy, childhood, and adolescence). In this chapter, we will first discuss specific diseases related to epigenetic disturbance. We will then discuss environmental and developmental disorders with a likely epigenetic mechanism. We will also discuss the role of epigenetics in informing Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) and public health strategies. Many syndromes were described because of their characteristic clinical features before epigenetic mechanisms were understood. Because time in development (age), as well as tissue-specific and gender-specific gene expression, is so important in early development, it is not surprising that disturbances in control of gene expression will lead to pathologic conditions. These groups of disorders are important in pediatrics and, thus, to the pediatrician.
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