Abstract
Passive immunoprophylaxis with human immunoglobulin has been employed in a number of clinical settings. Normal human serum immunoglobulin (NHSG) can be used to prevent opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. However, the antibody titer of NHSG is very low for any specific causative agent, and consequently its prophylactic efficacy is only marginal. Unlike such polyclonal immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have extremely high titers specific to single-antigenic epitopes. Although MAbs have been shown to be very effective for passive immunoprophylaxis in animal studies, most of those MAbs are of rodent origin. When administered to humans, they induce an immune response that not only blocks the antibody activity, but also sometimes results in untoward reactions. Therefore, MAbs of human origin are desired for in vivo administration to humans.
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