Abstract
All musical instruments have a few fundamental elements in common: an energy source, an excitation device, an oscillator, and a radiator. If the excitation is periodic, the oscillator resonates with the excitation, as in pipes or bowed strings, then there is resonance and feedback. If the excitation is a single event, as in drumheads, plucked or hammered strings, there is no resonance, and no feedback. Feedback from the oscillator locks the frequency of the excitation at the natural frequency of the oscillator, that is, makes it so that the excitation and the oscillator resonate. A few details about the construction of various musical instruments are discussed, with particular attention to the generation of edge tones in organ pipes of recorders, bowing of violin strings, the piano key-hammer-string mechanism, but also fingerboard frets, finger holes, tone holes, keys, and valves that change the length of strings or wind instruments.
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