Abstract
The exhausting fossil reserves and the dropping environmental safety levels have led to the production of ecologically sustainable renewable resources of energy. One such potential sustainable and renewable liquid fuel is biodiesel, which can be produced from waste carbon-rich sources using bacteria, yeast, and algae via fermentative routes or thermochemical processes. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly as well as a carbon-neutral biofuel with negligible greenhouse gas emissions and zero aromatic discharge. Nonedible feedstock is preferred over conventional edible oils to prevent the food versus fuel conflict. Further, to address the increasing global energy demand, the cost-effective large-scale biodiesel production from lipid-rich organic feedstock has attracted the research community. This chapter aims at discussing the diversified prospects of microbial biodiesel production from different lipid-bearing organic feedstocks, starting with the biodiesel production methodology with an emphasis on lipid content and efficient extraction of the lipids. In addition to this, emphasis is also given to the use of the biocatalyst for enhanced yield and productivity of biodiesel. Lastly, process optimization and intensification are also featured.
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