Abstract
This chapter reveals that the operability, correctness, and reliability of technical processes are essential qualities in industrial control systems. They are important to both process and systems during design, start-up, operation, maintenance and repair. To ensure a process is working properly, it is necessary to perform state monitoring, device testing, component installation, system configuration, instrument calibration, and fault diagnosis. To do these functions, an industrial control system requires software and hardware known as system routines. The routines are implemented in system firmware, which is a combination of software and hardware. The concept of “firmware” has evolved to mean almost any programmable content of a hardware device, not just machine code, but also configurations and data for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices, etc. Firmware involves very basic, low-level operations, without which an electronic device would not work. It is the low-level nature of firmware that makes it able to support system routines.
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