Abstract
Spinal, epidural, and caudal blocks are collectively referred to as central neuraxial blocks and form a major component of modern clinical anesthesia. Procedural, physiological, and pharmacological differences between the blocks result in variable sympathetic, sensory, and motor consequences arising from each technique. Central neuraxial blocks are widely used in adult and pediatric surgery, obstetrics, and acute and chronic pain management. This chapter outlines the anatomy, pharmacology, mechanism of action, and physiological effects of central neuraxial blocks, together with the indications, contraindications, and complications of spinal, epidural, and caudal blocks.
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