Abstract
Nanocapsules are vesicular structures of polymer filled with a liquid or solid core in which drugs, biomolecules, or bioactive compounds are carried and released in the body in a controlled manner. The combination of surface functionalization and controllable porous structures in nanocapsules can be employed to deliver drugs with high specificity and regulated release kinetics. A widely investigated application is the controlled and sustained release of antibiotics at the target site within the body, with high bioavailability and stability to reduce side effects and increase the efficiency of the treatment. Nanocapsule-based antimicrobial drug delivery is designed to address challenges in conventional drugs such as high dose and low bioavailability, side effects due to elevated drug plasma levels, and emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. The advances in nanotechnology have enabled the use of nanomaterials as antibacterial agents as well as carriers for other antibiotics. The drug release is stimulated by changes in physicochemical parameters of the surroundings or using external stimuli. With the wide range of biocompatible polymers available and the synthesis of nanocapsules in various structures with favorable properties, nanocapsules find wide applications in biomedical engineering. This chapter discusses the research carried out in nanocapsule-based drug delivery for healthcare, with special reference to antimicrobial systems.
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