Abstract
This chapter compiles information regarding safe exposure levels in humans and the maximum permitted concentrations in food matrices of mycotoxins. This section will be limited to the European scenario, and thus it is based on European Food Safety Authority evaluations and current European legislation. Regarding toxic effects, the chapter focuses on mycotoxins with carcinogenic potential. Special attention is given to evaluations performed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the National Toxicology Program, two of the main organizations evaluating the carcinogenic effects of chemicals. Finally, two well-studied mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA)) are reviewed from the point of view of carcinogenicity. AFB1 is a well-known human carcinogen with a clear genotoxic mechanism, whereas OTA is one of the most potent rat nephrocarcinogens, but with an unknown mode of action and insufficient human epidemiological data.
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