Abstract
Button or coin cells are the sources of energy in various electronic gadgets like wristwatches, pocket calculators, medical devices, and hearing aids. Its market is increasing day by day with technological advancement and the need for prototypes. The button cells are primary batteries those are nonrechargeable and involve different combinations of lithium, zinc–air, alkaline, and silver oxide. Its resultant waste may consist of heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Hg, Co, Ag, Li, etc. and organic chemicals present as binder, adhesive, insulator, etc. The landfilling of batteries can cause severe pollution problems and depletion of worldwide reserves of metal ores. Technologies involved for the recovery of metals from button cells include pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biometallurgy, and leaching. A critical assessment of scientific technologies available for the recovery of metals needs serious evaluation to develop a less toxic, economically viable, and environmentally sound process.
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