Abstract
Primary zinc-air batteries are extensively used in medical, military, and telecommunication applications. The structure of zinc-air batteries consists of a zinc anode (Zn/ZnO), an alkaline electrolyte, and a porous air cathode. The zinc contribution towards the total market value in the zinc-air battery is nearly 60.9%, higher than alkaline (40.7%) and zinc-carbon batteries (29.6%). Therefore, zinc-air batteries are an attractive secondary source for zinc recycling. It is estimated that nearly 8500 tonnes of ore should be mined and processed to meet the annual requirement of zinc-air cells globally. Reissuing new batteries in return for discarded batteries is recommended for streamlining the recycling process. The literature for recycling zinc (Zn/ZnO) from various industrial wastes and primary batteries is systematically reviewed in the context of zinc-air batteries. The zinc-air batteries consist of simpler, easy-to-process zinc phases (Zn/ZnO) without other impurities. A recycling flowsheet is proposed to recycle zinc values from end-of-life zinc-air batteries.
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