Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are gaining importance due to their sustainable approaches. Recently, development in nanotechnology domain has escalated the scope for research in MFCs. MFC requires potential improvement in enhancing the conductivity, efficiency, corrosion resistance, acid resistance, and attachment of microorganism to anode. In order to improve the features of MFC, amalgamation of nanotechnology is essential. Use of nanomaterials and nanocomposites are explored in developing electrodes and membranes for achieving improved performance of MFC. Porous electrodes are developed to provide an increased surface area and adhesion of higher microbial load. Surface modifications of electrodes to improve conductivity and accommodate microorganisms are in the nascent stage of development. Carbon-, metal-, and polymer-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites are adapted to develop anode. The electric circuits used in connecting offer minimum resistance. However, the challenges posed by nanomaterials and nanocomposite provide many opportunities for further research and development as well as exploring various research in the large-scale setup.
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