Abstract
A novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-2-CoV (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19. Given the virus’ ability to transmit from human to human, it quickly became apparent that a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would be the best and most feasible way to control the pandemic. Vaccine development was based on previous efforts to develop CoV vaccines for CoV-infected domestic and companion animals, and on efforts to prevent the Middle East respiratory syndrome-(MERS)-CoV). Based on the urgency of developing a COVID-19 vaccine, many countries devoted significant resources to engineering and testing many such vaccines. Several vaccines have been used worldwide, greatly reducing the number of hospitalizations and death caused by SARS-CoV-2. In this chapter, we describe the history of CoV vaccine development. We additonially describe the various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that have been developed, studied in clinical trials and approved for use in human populations. We also discuss future approaches to CoV vaccine development, given the strong possibilty that other CoV have been identified that have the potential to cross species to infect humans.
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