Abstract
Energy and water are the two most prized lifelines for the future generation. In the recent years, wastewater treatment with concomitant bioenergy production has gained considerable attention of the scientific community. Moreover, wastewater from industrial and domestic streams is considered to be the major contributor to environmental pollution. Microbial electrochemical technology (MET) can be envisioned as one of the budding technologies employed for wastewater treatment with concurrent bioenergy recovery, biomass production, and CO2 sequestration. The METs are sustainable engineered systems that use microorganisms as catalyst to harvest electrical energy by transforming the chemical energy present in biodegradable organic matter existing in polluted water or, under application of external electrical energy, synthesize different compounds either biotically or abiotically. However, there are significant bottlenecks toward the upscaling and practical applications of these METs. This chapter expounds the scope of applications of METs as a sustainable wastewater treatment technology with simultaneous bioenergy generation at an efficient engineering level and also elucidates the limitations associated with METs.
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