Abstract
This chapter reviews steroids, sex hormones, and adrenocortical hormones. Estrogens, progestogens, and androgens are three groups of sex hormones that are produced by the genital glands. Estrogen is typified by the ovarian hormone estradiol that produces estrus in animals. Progesterone is the hormone of the corpus luteum and androgens produce testosterone in the testes. In animals the production of natural hormones is controlled by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that secretes gonadotrophic hormones. Estrogen stimulates the gonads at the onset of puberty, and the ovary produces the phenomenon of estrus in animals. Estrogens are present in low concentration in tissue extracts prepared from the gonads and mammalian placenta, in follicular fluid, in blood, and in the urine of both sexes. Gestogens such as progesterone, “gestogenic 19-nor-steroids,” and “trienic gestogens” are also described in this chapter. Progesterone is produced after the development of the corpus luteum which in turn is activated by the maturity of Graafian follicle under the influence of estradiol after ovulation. Cyclosteroids, dimeric steroid hormones, and substituted steroids, for example, estrane series and androstane series, are also discussed in the chapter.
Published Version
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