Abstract
One of the important advancements in microbial fuel cells (MFC) is the photosynthetic microalgal microbial fuel cells (PMMFC). The microbial fuel cell works by bacteria or algae transferring electrons extracellularly to the cathode for the production of bioelectricity. The CO2 being released at the anode as a result of oxidation of substrates by microbes is directed toward the cathode and is utilized by microalgae at the cathode. The living microalgal cells hence utilize CO2 for photosynthesis and release free oxygen which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Since PMMFC require sunlight for survival, the intensity, amount, and wavelength of sunlight play very important roles in the generation of power in PMMFC. However, the environmental conditions and seasonal changes influence the intensity and time duration of sunlight, thus affecting the power density in a PMMFC. In such instances, light-emitting diodes are promising for providing monochromatic, stable yet economical sources of light. The current chapter explores the role of light in PMMFC and in recycling wastewater to produce bioelectricity and other value-added metabolites. It further explores the possibility of using diatoms in diafuel production and the application of in situ nanopore DNA technology to identify efficient microbes in order to construct an industrious PMMFC in the future.
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