Abstract
Functionally graded scaffolds for bone tissue engineering are porous biomaterials in which the porosity changes with a specific gradient in space. The gradation of porosity enables these implants to combine together the best mechanical properties of the denser material with those of the more porous one and the resulting material exhibits performances superior to those of the single constitutive materials. Low-porosity regions provide high mechanical strength, while highly porous regions promote cell adhesion and support cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. This chapter offers the reader a picture of the hierarchical organization of bone tissue along with a review of functionally graded scaffolds based on bioactive glasses that were developed in recent studies. Furthermore, a case study is reported about the development of simple methods for fabricating bilayered glass-based scaffolds mimicking the interface between cancellous and cortical bone.
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