Abstract

This chapter deals with the issues of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and special chemicals used for this purpose. Approximately 60-70% of the oil in place cannot be produced by conventional methods. EOR methods are gaining importance, in particular with respect to the limited worldwide resources of crude oil. EOR processes include chemical and gas floods, steam, combustion, and electric heating. Gas floods, including immiscible and miscible processes, are usually defined by injected fluids (carbon dioxide, flue gas, nitrogen, or hydrocarbon). Steam projects involve cyclic steam (huff and puff) or steam drive.

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